Ocehan Memulai Mengerjakan Tugas (Mari kita Reunian Kopi,

Hi, kopi, lama tak bersua,

q harap kau masih mengenalku

sahabatmu ditengah malam dan dini hari itu,

juga pagi hari dahulu.. 

ingatkah kauaku, yang dulu sering memintamu menemaniku 

mengerjakan tugas kuliah dan skripsi?

ingatkah kau aku yang sempat mendekorasi mu 

dalam varian rasa dan suasana?

kini aku, mengajakmu reunian, 

q harap ini berarti untukku memanfaatkan hari bersamamu

lama sudah kutinggalkan dirimu

lama sudah itu, dulu

bukan aku tak suka dan tak membutuhkanmu

namun aku harus turuti pinta suamiku

demi kesehatanku

yang tak seharusnya kita intim seperti dulu

berlebihan menggunakanmu

tp, hari ini kopi, aku mengajakmu,

marilah kopi, kita reunian, 

bawalah aku berpacu dalam melodi detak jantung itu

menari dalam derasnya aliran dara ku,

membawaku terjaga sepanjang malam

bersama kegelimangan kertas - kertas

yang siap menjerit untuk ditebas

divine-music.info

Mengoceh lagi... Part 2

Meninggalkan rutinitas dr pekerjaan sejenak,  mungkin sempat terfikir oleh kita yg workaholik utk merefreshkan fikiran.
Terlebih aku yg menyambi, yg terkadang tak jarang terbentur dalam tembok prioritas dan loyalitas pekerjaan,
Kuliah pasca sambil kerja d yayasan itu tak mudah kawan,
Tak semudah saat kita masih S1 dlu, yg bsa ambil part time yg jadwalnya bisa disusuaikan sama educative bimbel.

Namun meninggalkan pekerjaan yg sudah hampir mendarah daging mungkin sempat tak terlintas dlm benak,

Menikah berarti sudah sedia menerima resiko perubahan kehidupan baru,

Yah, inilah dia resiko kehidupan yg mungkin bukanlah sebuah resiko melainkan jalan baru untuk saya tempuh berasama dia yg tlah Allah turunkan  dr lauhul mahfudzNya,

Bekerja sebagai ibu rumah tangga mungkin bisa jadi keputusan utk para istri yang tak bisa lagi membagi waktunya utk keluarganya, terlebih utk para buah hatinya yg masih butuh asuhan.
Ini posisi yang biasa menjadi kegalauan utk para istri2 yang ingin bekerja mencari nafkah, yah, gak bisa jadi wanta karier, jadi wanita kurir pun tak apalah, hhe

Berbeda dengan posisiku disaat ini, saat harus belajar merintis disuatu tempat, aku harus sudah hentikan itu, dan menyusul suami. Utk meniti kehidupan bersama disana,
Sebagai seorang istri yg masih kurang pengalaman, aku juga harua belajar menjadi istri shaleha, yg taat pada suami.
Namun tak menjadi hambatan utk mewujudkan ambisiku,

Terlebih saat ini aku harus menunggu waktu disaat semuanya dalam packingan kesiapan, dan propesiku sebaga guru disini pun harus aku lepaskan.

Hari2 pernantian wisuda menjalani masa penggguran utk satu bulan itu sangat menggalaukan dan menyedihkan.
Apalagi harus tdak lagi menghadapi siswaku yg briliant itu.
Taklagi mendengar lantunan 99 asmaMu dsetiap pgi memulai belajar. Sedih rasanya ya rabb.

Diam2 q lihat akun twitter mereka tersenyum melihat wallpaper karya mereka menyebutkan wali kelasnya,  *geleng kepala sambil usap2 dada dan tersenyum. 

I miss you too dear

Why Should Language Change?

An Assignment

Name              : Raisa Siska Tanjung

Reg. Num       : 8216111029

Class               : A-2 LTBI

Subject           : Language Planning

1.         Question        : Why is National language Necessary?

             Answer          : A national language is a language (or language variant, i.e. dialect) which has some connection—de facto or de jure—with a people and perhaps by extension the territory they occupy. The term is used variously.

            A national language may for instance represent the national identity of a nation or country. National language may alternatively be a designation given to one or more languages spoken as first languages in the territory of a country.

In sociolinguistics the distinction between a national language and an official language is generally made along the affective referential dimension, or more precisely the ideological instrumental dimension. A national language is the language of a political, cultural and social unit. It is generally developed and used as a symbol of national unity. Its functions are to identify the nation and unite the people of the nation. An official language, by contrast, it simply a language which may be used for government business. Its function is primarily utilitarian rather than symbolic. It is possible for one language to serve both functions.

Many countries have regarded the development of a single national language as a way of symbolizing the unity of a nation. Over the last hundred years nationhood and independence have been very important political issues throughout the world. In the struggle to establish a distinct national identity, and to secure independence from colonial rule, the development of a national language has often played an important part. The symbolic value of a national language as a unifying rallying point in the fight for independence was quickly appreciated.

There are four steps involved in developing a code or variety

1.      Selection; choosing the variety or code to be developed .

2.      Codification; standardizing its structural or linguistic features.

3.      Elaboration; extending its function for use in new domains.

4.      Securing its acceptance; the status of the new variety is important, and so people’s attitudes to the variety being developed must be considered.

2.   Question         : Why should the language Change?

            Answer           :  Language change in time to time get along with the development of era, how is language and why is language change, Those influenced by the user of language which is us. There are some reason why are language change,

            Chomsky (1965: 3), stating that, inguistic theory is concerned primarily with an ideal speaker-listener, in a completely homogeneous speech-community, who knows its language perfectly. Since, as noted by Weinreich, Labov and Herzog (1968: 188), “all change necessarily involves heterogeneity and variation,” such a view of language clearly rules out any possible study of language change, simply because it leaves no possibility for change to happen..

            The idea that the main cause of change, at least as far as so-called internal causes are concerned lies in imperfect language transmission from one generation to the next is not new: as shown inWeinreich, Labov and Herzog (1968) similar views were held by Herman Paul in the 19th century.

            Starting from the 1960s, sociolinguists have shown what dialectologists had known for almost acentury, that is, that variation cannot be described by drawing precise boundaries. As   for regional variation, sociolinguists studied variation across social strata and across registers used in various situations by members of the same community, and were able to capture change in progress by means of a number of longitudinal studies, some of which have become a classic

Langauge change as it an effort of economizing language, as can be seen by the dissipation of the use of inflection. One change language clearly indicates the existence of the language is gramatikalisasi economizing. Gramatikalisasi (Campbell, 1998:241) is the change in the language associated with the reduction of semantic aspects (semantic weakening, semantic fading). According to Heine and Kuteva gramatikalisasi is the development of all forms of lexical and grammatical forms of grammatical form to a more grammatical again (2004:2).

He said there are several mechanisms gramatikalisasi, among others:

(A) desemantisasi: loss of semantic features

(B) extension: used in a new context

(C) dekategorisasi: loss of property morphosyntax of lexical categories

(D) erosion: loss of phonetic substance

One or gramatikalisasi penggramatikalan process is through the loss of semantic features. A reduced grammar component semantic features to be another component of grammar. It is clear from the change lexical categories into category function. Lexical category is a category that is considered more "rich" (more semantic features) while the function is the opposite category (semantic feature a bit). In accordance with Economic Principles Feature: "minimize the derivation of semantic feature" (Van Gelderen, 2009:216), the richer category turned into more categories "poor". With the reduction of semantic features, a component will be more economical and certainly fulfills the functions of grammar that makes language as possible so that communication can be established either (Poedjosoedarmo, 2008).

There are some changes to the lexical verb auxiliary verb (auxiliary) or the like function category. For example, exemplified by Campbell (1998:238) lexical verb meaning will want to experience and becomes a category gramatikalisasi function. So the first (Old English) one can say

I will to ..... (Will: want)

However, in present-day English one must make formula will + verb. For example, the following sentence.

I will drink orange juice.

In addition, the lexical verb digramatikalisasi also a copula as exemplified by Lohndal via Van Gelderen (2009:229) that some of the full verb (lexical verb) turn into a copula. The most obvious example is the change wes verb (meaning to REMAIN, to stay) a copula be was (past tense). As a lexical verb, wes certainly brings a certain semantic features.

Because having gramatikalisasi, these features decrease or even disappear and now was more to do with the information at the time (tense). According Lohndal, some copula subsequently changed again (having gramatikalisasi again) into auxiliary verbs.

References

Wikipedia, Language Planniing.

The journal of Bente Bakmand in http://www.immi.se/intercultural/nr3/bakmand.htm

http://littlestoriesoflanguages.wordpress.com/tag/perubahan-bahasa/

Campbell, Lyle. 1998. Historical Linguistics: An Introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press

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